Anonymously someone once said, "Integrity is choosing your thoughts and actions based on values rather than personal gain." Integrity is a word that has always been synonymous with my dad for me because my dad was and is a man of great integrity. My dad's name meant everything to him, and regardless of how he earned his paycheck, his high standards and beliefs in the value of a man's character led him to do things to the best of his ability with truthfulness. Sometimes, I can still clearly see his short little body leaning over a car for repairs while working at Sears as an automobile technician, even though it has been decades since his retirement. But during those years, nothing infuriated him more than when his integrity was called into question by a customer who thought he was trying to sell him services on their vehicle that they thought unnecessary. With choice words that amazed us all that allowed his continual employment, my dad would always set the customer straight on their conspiratorial thoughts. However, when he was through yelling, the customer no longer doubted the needed repairs or the time frame my dad felt they could wait if their budget didn't currently permit. My dad believed it didn't matter what you did for a living as long as you earned your money honestly and with integrity. I was proud to be the daughter of an automobile "technician" or "mechanic." All three of his children were, and a person's character truly is king in a child's eye! Unfortunately, though, humans are not infallible. And sometimes, the lure of money and power can lead to decisions and choices that, under ordinary circumstances, would have never been considered or concluded. Such was the case with my distant cousin, Robert Edward Landis. Here is his story!
Robert Edward Landis was born on May 18, 1895, in Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee [1-19]. He was the oldest of the four known children born to John Tannehill Landis and Melinda Bacon "Linnie" Boone [13-14, 20-31]. Besides Robert, Robert's parents had Melinda (September 13-1897-December 27, 1944), Mary Carter (August 22, 1904-March 29, 1991), and William Boone Landis (July 12, 1901-November 13, 1977) [20-40]. Robert spent his youth in Nashville, attending and graduating from Severy Military School and Hume-Fogg High School [41, 42]. After his high school graduation, Robert enrolled at Vanderbilt University but never finished, desiring a career in automobiles, a passion ignited by and shared with his father, John [41-42, 44-47]. And an enthusiasm that led to beyond admiration, but briefly, racing as his hobby that he began at fifteen [45-47].
After leaving Vanderbilt, Robert earned employment with a local company called Red Star Garage. But Robert soon quit the garage and became the Sales Manager for the Automobile Exchange [42-43]. And then later, veering away from automobiles, for several years, Robert held a position as the Supervisor of Enumeration at the Bureau of Military and Civic Achievements in Washington [94]. A job supervising and overseeing the collecting of all genealogical data from various patriotic associations around the United States, such as the Daughters of the American Revolution [94]. Another passion, genealogy, shared with his father, John.
In approximately 1913, Robert's attention diverted toward love, meeting Pauline Acklen, a friend of his sister's, Linda [48-51]. A graduate of Hume Fogg, Pauline Acklen was a beautiful, intelligent socialite actively engaged in her community and school, participating in extracurricular activities such as basketball and the drama club [48-51]. Born January 28, 1897, in Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee, Pauline was the daughter of prominent community leaders Joseph Hayes Acklen (May 20, 1850-September 28, 1938) and Jeanette Catherine Tillotson (November 11, 1871-April 2, 1955) [52-57]. So, unable to resist Pauline's beauty, brains, and charm, Robert decidedly married Pauline on June 1, 1916, in an elaborate ceremony in Nashville, in front of their families, along with several hundred of their closest friends and associates [58-71]. Their wedding became deemed the most important social event of the year, and congratulatory sentiments came from all over the United States to the blissful couple, including one in a letter from the President and Mrs. Wilson [58-71]. A sign of their community stature.
After an extensive honeymoon traveling to various cities such as Atlanta, Savannah, Boston, New York, Atlantic City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, and Cincinnati, Robert brought his new bride home to reside at his family estate in Nashville, known as Ridgefield [58-71]. Soon after their return, the young couple welcomed their first child, a son, Robert Livingston Landis, born April 9, 1917 [72-84]. Then they later completed their family with a daughter, Pauline Acklen, born November 4, 1920 [76-83, 85]. But with America's entry into the European theater of World War I in April 1917, Robert and his recently established family could not isolate themselves from the insulation of their family's love and support, nor the familiarity and safety of their community [86].
In approximately 1918, not wanting to shield himself from the dangers of war, Robert resigned from his position in Washington, believing that his contribution to the European war efforts could be more worthy than his work as the Supervisor of Enumeration at the Bureau of Military and Civic Achievements [87-92]. Therefore, on June 29, 1918, Robert voluntarily reported for duty at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville for its motor training school [87-92]. Quicky, though, because of his vast experience in automobiles, Robert was promoted to Corporal Sergent and tasked with teaching the mechanical class himself [87-92]. After living nearly six months in Knoxville, in December, the Army ordered Robert to the machine gun corps at recently opened Camp Hancock in Augusta, Georgia [87-92]. While there, Robert earned high honors in machine gun officers' training school, and those efforts rewarded him with a promotion to Lieutenant [93]. But it didn't matter where Robert was assigned or what title accompanied his name because Pauline and his small family followed closely behind, establishing a home somewhere close to base camp [91-94].
In July 1922, with his military duties behind him, Robert transitioned to a new career and immersed himself in real estate [87-94]. Soon afterward, Robert began gaining a reputation as the "best known and most successful" real estate agent in Nashville [42-95]. Becoming the Sales Manager for R.W. Bratton & Company, Robert's negotiations in land sale and leasing transactions for prominent buyers, such as The Standard Oil Company and R. Thomas and Company, catapulted him to the top of his field [42-95]. And Robert's reputation as an aggressive agent and excellent orator earned him the Secretary nomination on the Tennessee Real Estate Board [42].
In 1924, Robert and Pauline decided to relocate their family to Detroit, Michigan, for further advancement in Robert's career [96]. Resigning as the Secretary of the Board of Realtors and Sales Manager of R.W. Bratton & Company, Robert began another exciting position with McGiverlin, Holderman, and Company, leading a sales force of 100 realtors [96]. But in 1931, Robert returned to his roots in Nashville, leaving Michigan and his sales position behind [97, 98]. For Pauline, it meant resigning as the President of the John Paul Jones Society, C.A.R. chapter [99].
Upon Robert's return to Nashville, he quickly found employment at Roger's Caldwell & Company selling real estate again [100-102]. However, like his father, Robert also liked walking a thin line between unethical and criminal, and in May 1936, he was found guilty of forging a deed in a personal real estate transfer (section 1049) [103]. For his accused malice, the courts sentenced Robert to serve 12 years in the State Penitentiary [103]. But naturally, Robert declared his innocence and filed an appeal [103-104]. Robert said of his conviction, "I am innocent of the charge. I feel confident [I'll be vindicated] by the appellate court" [103]. "Until that time," he pled, "I earnestly ask my friends and the public to reserve their judgment [103]". He added, "The verdict was directly contrary to the law in the case [103]".
Two years later, still not serving any jail time, Robert remained on bail until his appeal on October 13, 1938, when he was reindicted [104]. However, on May 20, 1939, the trial court, on motion, "quashed the indictment without recommitting it to the grand jury because the same did not set out the written instrument and the signature of the person defrauded [104]." But on July 3, 1939, the grand jury indicted Robert again, however, with the correction of errors from the first indictment [104]. Robert responds with four pleas: "(1) Not guilty; (2) Statute of Limitations of four years; (3) denial that he concealed the fact of the crime; and (4) denial that he "was not usually and publicly a resident of Tennessee for three years next preceding the filing of the original indictment [104]".
On May 22, 1940, Robert faced the higher Supreme Court of Tennessee [104]. This time, in responding to Robert's second plea of the Statue of Limitations, the courts sustained, dismissing that cause [104]. However, the courts also ruled that it had been unnecessary for Robert to plead "not guilty" since the Statue of Limitations could have availed him of that defense by providing proof of it at his trial [104]. Therefore, the superior court reversed the lower court's judgment and remanded Robert again based on that opinion [104]. So in June 1941, with Robert's son, Robert Livingston, acting as co-council, Robert again was sentenced to serve 3-10 years in state prison [105-106].
Seemingly, Robert escaped his prison sentence again, and in 1942, he relocated back to Detroit, Michigan [107-110]. Unfortunately, this time Robert comes back alone and as a divorced man[107-110]. But he will not remain by himself for long because, once again, he gets drafted to serve in the military [108-110]]. And as Lieutenant, Robert will be surrounded by fellow servicemen serving in the United States Navy [108-110]. However, in the comfort of his bed, Robert will not be alone for long either because on August 3, 1943, he married Louella Mary Waddell in Wood County, Ohio [111-112]. Born March 9, 1900, in Toronto, Ontario Province, Canada, Louella was the daughter of Alfred John Waddell (October 14, 1878-September 16, 1928) and Margaret Ellen "Maggie" Chard (December 25, 1881-October 11, 1973)[112-117].
As Robert began putting his life together and starting fresh, Pauline, on the other hand, was facing a personal crisis and fighting ovarian cancer [118-124]. And on November 26, 1945, in Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee, Pauline died, losing her battle [118-124]. She was forty-eight at the time of her passing [56]. Her remains are at rest in Mt. Olivet Cemetery in Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee [56}. Keeping busy until falling on an airplane and seriously injuring herself a few months before her death, Pauline held memberships in the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Daughters of the Barons of RunningMead [118-120]. She had also been an avid horse enthusiast, competing competitively in fairs and horse shows.
Spending his final days there, sometime in the 1950s, Robert relocated to La Holla, California, and returned to real estate sales [127]. At 77, on December 21, 1972, he died in Cupertino, Santa Clara County, California [1-6, 127-129]. His remains were returned to Nashville and buried in Mt. Olivet Cemetery [1]. Robert's wife, Louella Mary, died on February 3, 1998, in Sugarmill Woods, Citrus County, Florida [131-132]. She was 92 at the time of her parting [131-132].
Unlike Robert, my dad never knew the color gray. To him, things were black or white and simply right or wrong. He never looked for the in-between that might have gotten him to his goal easier and earlier than anticipated. But like Robert, my dad was not infallible either. He, too, made his mistakes along the way. Regardless, though, because of his actions in totality, my father was and is someone that has gained my respect. Whenever necessary, he worked two jobs to support his family. And he went to trade school to try and improve the financial outlook of the uneducated man he was and the responsibilities that his life had acquired along the way. He didn't believe in shortcuts. He believed in taking pride in whatever you were doing and doing any tasks to the best of one's abilities. Hopefully, Robert found clarity in his decision-making, viewing his choices through black-and-white lenses. And perhaps he learned his lessons well after his sentencing, avoiding trying to gain wealth through borderline legal/illegal actions. My dad never cared how the world viewed him or judged his character. His only concern was and is the reputation that his family and friends held in regard towards him. Someday, years from now, my granddaughters, Natalie and Emmalyn, will judge my character and the choices I have made along the way. When they do, I hope the outcome is with pride as mine is for my father!
SOURCES:
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20. Census 1900: Resided in Civil District 10, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA: John 34, Linnie 30, Robert 5, Melinda 2, Nancy Landis 70, Ray Boone 24, Lori Armstead 35
21. Year: 1900; Census Place: Civil District 10, Davidson, Tennessee; Roll: 1566; Page: 1; Enumeration District: 0125; FHL microfilm: 1241566
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24. Census 1910: Resided in Nashville, Ward 22, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA: John T. 43, Malinda B. 40, Robert E. 14, Malinda 12, William B. 8, Mary 5, John Roy Boone 34, John Hughes 30, Minnie 28
25. Year: 1910; Census Place: Nashville Ward 22, Davidson, Tennessee; Roll: T624_1496; Page: 18A; Enumeration District: 0076; FHL microfilm: 1375509
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27. Original data: Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910 (NARA microfilm publication T624, 1,178 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. For details on the contents of the film numbers, visit the following NARA web page: NARA.
28. Census 1920: Resided in District 7, Nashville, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA: John T. 53, Malinda B. 49, Malinda B. 21, William 18, Mary 14, Sarah Boone 72, Joe Smith 25
29. Year: 1920; Census Place: Civil District 7, Davidson, Tennessee; Roll: T625_1736; Page: 16B; Enumeration District: 115
30. Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.
31. Original data: Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920. (NARA microfilm publication T625, 2076 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. For details on the contents of the film numbers, visit the following NARA web page: NARA. Note: Enumeration Districts 819-839 are on roll 323 (Chicago City).
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40. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/62129330/mary-carter-warman
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42. “In the Know,” 1923, October 28, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 25
43. “Automobile Exchange Adervertisement,” 1917, February 3, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 24.
44. “Cars In The Snow Ring-Auto Contest Was Featured At Gallatin Fair, 1909, August 28, The Nashville American, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 7.
45. “A Remarkable Car,” 1909, September 29, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 5.
46. “Untitled,” 1910, September 3, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 4.
47. “Electric Cars,” 1912, September 17, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 2.
48. “Girls Basketball Team From Nashville,” 1916, January 29, The Chattanooga News, Chattanooga, Tennessee, Page 6.
49. “Miss Pauline Acklen,” 1913, July 27, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 4.
50. “Hume-Fogg Girls Play Chattanooga Local Players Confident Of Defeating Lookout Rivals,” 1916, January 28, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 14.
51. “Miss Pauline Acklen’s Committee Getting Ready For The Fair,” 1913, September 7, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 27.
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56. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/27783985/pauline-landis
57. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6404544/joseph-hayes-acklen
58. Nashville Banner; Publication Date: 20/ May/ 1916; Publication Place: Nashville, Tennessee, USA; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/604656464/?article=1749d39a-6bb6-41da-a0a6-057b8f0ede4f&focus=0.022805154,0.4071237,0.18472779,0.590279&xid=3398
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61. Original data: Genealogical Card File. Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
62. “Miss Pauline Acklen,” 1914, June 4, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 4.
63. “Acklen-Landis,” 1916, April 23, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 35.
64. “Landis-Acklen Wedding,” 1916, June 2, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 5.
65. “Landis-Acklen Wedding Is A Brilliant Event-Several Hundred Attended The Ceremony-Couple To Live Here,” The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 4.
66. “Special To Knoxville Sentiment,” 1916, June 3, The Knoxville Sentiment, Knoxville, Tennessee, Page 6.
67. “Wedding Plans,” 1916, May 20, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 5.
68. “Plans For Acklen-Landis Wedding,” 1916, May 21, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 29.
69. “Miss Acklen Honoree,” 1916, May 25, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 5.
70. “For Bride Elect,” 1916, May 27, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 5.
71. “Statistical Record-Marriage Licenses,” 1916, May 31, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 2.
72. Census 1920: Resided in Civil District 7, Davidson County, Tennessee, USA: Robert 24, Pauline 22, Robert 3
73. Year: 1920; Census Place: Civil District 7, Davidson, Tennessee; Roll: T625_1736; Page: 27A; Enumeration District: 116
74. Ancestry.com. 1920 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Images reproduced by FamilySearch.
75. Original data: Fourteenth Census of the United States, 1920. (NARA microfilm publication T625, 2076 rolls). Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29. National Archives, Washington, D.C. For details on the contents of the film numbers, visit the following NARA web page: NARA. Note: Enumeration Districts 819-839 are on roll 323 (Chicago City).
76. Census 1930: Resided in Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, USA: Robert E. 34, Pauline A. 33, Robert L. 12, Pauline A. 9
77. Year: 1930; Census Place: Detroit, Wayne, Michigan; Page: 13A; Enumeration District: 0446; FHL microfilm: 2340785
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79. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930. T626, 2,667 rolls.
80. Census 1940: Resided in Davidson, Tennessee, Pauline 43, Robert L. 22, Pauline Acklen 19
81. Year: 1940; Census Place: Davidson, Tennessee; Roll: m-t0627-03885; Page: 3A; Enumeration District: 19-27B
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83. Original data: United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Sixteenth Census of the United States, 1940. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1940. T627, 4,643 rolls.
84. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186173036/robert-livingston-landis
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91. “Robert Landis Enters Service Goes To Knoxville To Special Training At University of Tennessee, 1918, July 7, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 32.
92. “Robert Landis Made Sergent,” 1918, July 2, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 24.
93. “Lieut Landis Home From Camp Hancock,” 1918, December 11, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 7,
94. “Talks To D.A.R. Chapter,”1920, April 8, Knoxville Sentinel, Knoxville, Tennessee, Page 8.
95. “Standard Oil To Soon Build New Filling Station-Company Buys Land Corer 15th and Church Street,” 1923, June 10, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 30.
96. “Well Known Realtor Heads Big Sales Force In Detroit,” 1924, Apriil 27, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page Unknown,
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98. “Untitled,” 1931, October 4, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 23.
99. “John Paul Jones Society,” 1930, March 30, Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Michigan, Page 45.
100. “27-F Suburban For Rent-Harding Road Section,” 1933, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 31.
101. “Six Wendell Claimants Repulsed Seond Time-Court Says Southern Women Suffering With Delusion,” 1933, March 31, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 20.
102. “For Sale Or Trade, 1934, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 10.
103. “Robert E. Lands Seeking New-Trial-Declares Innocence Following Forgery Crime,” 1936, May 29, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 9.
104. State v. Landis, 177 Tenn. 304, 310 (Tenn. 1941) https://casetext.com/case/state-v-landis-12/
105. “Landis Given 3-10 Years In Fraud Cases, ‘1941, June 6, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 24.
106. “Landis Given 10 Years In Fraud Case Suit Follows 1934 Real Estate Deal,” 1941, June 6, The Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 12.
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118. “Mrs. Landis Funeral To Be At Residence,” 1945, November 27, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 8.
119. “Mrs. Pauline A. Landis,” 1945, November 28, The Tennessean, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 5.
120. “Mrs. Acklen’s Funeral Rites Held,” 1945, April 4, Nashville Banner, Nashville, Tennessee, Page 13.
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128. Place: Santa Clara; Date: 21 Dec 1972; Social Security: 374073839
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This blog was created for my granddaughters, Natalie Elizabeth and Emmalyn Rose Herron, to share the experiences of me and Mitch, along with our viewpoints on politics, religion, and the history we are creating. I respectfully understand that you may not always agree with our perspectives. We want to teach the two of them our history, their family history, and American history, so they, too, will learn to question with boldness! Should you disagree with our viewpoints, please keep your negative commentary in your mind. This blog may not be for you.
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